Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer, the organic layer including an emission layer, a hole transport region including a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, or a buffer layer, and an electron transport region including a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer, wherein a triplet energy of a hole transport material of the hole transport layer is from about 2.4 to about 3.2 eV, an electron affinity of the hole transport material is from about 2.2 to about 2.6 eV; the triplet energy of the hole transport material is greater than a triplet energy of a dopant of the emission layer and a triplet energy of a host material of the emission layer, the host material of the emission layer includes the compound represented by Formula 1.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0086878, filed on Jul. 10, 2014,in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “OrganicLight-Emitting Device,” is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics, and produce full-color images.

The organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode on asubstrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electrontransport region, and a second electrode, which are sequentially on thefirst electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move towardthe emission layer through the hole transport region, and electronsprovided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layerthrough the electron transport region. Carriers, such as holes andelectrons, are recombined in the emission layer to produce excitons.These excitons change from an excited state to a ground state, therebygenerating light.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are directed to an organic light-emitting device.

According to an aspect of one or more embodiments, an organiclight-emitting device may include a first electrode; a second electrodefacing the first electrode; and

an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the secondelectrode and including an emission layer,

wherein the organic layer may include

i) a hole transport region that is disposed between the first electrodeand the emission layer and includes at least one selected from a holetransport layer, a hole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and

ii) an electron transport region that is disposed between the emissionlayer and the second electrode and includes at least one selected from ahole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electroninjection layer,

a triplet energy of a hole transport material of the hole transportlayer is from about 2.4 to about 3.2 eV,

an electron affinity of the hole transport material is from about 2.2 toabout 2.6 eV;

the triplet energy (E_(T) ^(HTL)) of the hole transport material isgreater than the triplet energy(E_(T) ^(d)) of a dopant of the emissionlayer and the triplet energy (E_(T) ^(host)) of a host of the emissionlayer;

the host material of the emission layer may include the compoundrepresented by Formula below.

wherein in the formula above,

Naph is a naphthalene group;

X is NR₄, CR₅R₆, O, or S;

R₁ to R₆ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

Y is selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

n is an integer of 1 or 2.

a, b, and c are each independently an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, and4.

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, andsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group isselected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); and

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Features will be apparent to those of skill in the art by describing indetail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawing inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting deviceaccording to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawing; however, they may be embodied indifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing FIGURE, the dimensions of layers and regions may beexaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like reference numerals referto like elements throughout.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “atleast one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire listof elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list

According to an embodiment, an organic light-emitting device mayinclude:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode; and

an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode.The organic layer may include an emission layer and:

i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emissionlayer and including at least one selected from a hole transport layer, ahole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and

ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and thesecond electrode and including at least one selected from a holeblocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injectionlayer.

A triplet energy of a hole transport material of the hole transportlayer may be from about 2.4 to about 3.2 eV.

An electron affinity of the hole transport material may be from about2.2 to about 2.6 eV.

The triplet energy (E_(T) ^(HTL)) of the hole transport material may begreater than a triplet energy (E_(T) ^(d)) of a dopant of the emissionlayer and a triplet energy (E_(T) ^(host)) of a host material of theemission layer. In an implementation, the triplet energy of the holetransport material may be greater than the triplet energy of the dopantof the emission layer or greater than the triplet energy of the hostmaterial of the emission layer.

In an implementation, the host material of the emission layer mayinclude a compound represented by Formula 1, below.

Naph may be a naphthalene group;

X may be NR₄, CR₅R₆, O, or S;

R₁ to R₆ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

Y may be selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

n may be an integer of 1 or 2.

a, b, and c may be each independently an integer selected from 1, 2, 3,and 4.

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, andsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group isselected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); and

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

To manufacture an organic light-emitting device that has a highluminescent efficiency and long lifespan, the hole transport materialmay have a triplet energy of more than 2.4 eV, and an electron affinityof about 2.2 eV to about 2.7 eV. In an implementation, the holetransport material may have a triplet energy of about 3.0 eV to about3.2 eV.

According to an embodiment, an organic light-emitting device may includea hole transport layer, an emission layer including phosphorescent metalcomplex and one or more host materials, and an electron transport layerbetween a cathode and an anode. The hole transport material of the holetransport layer may have a triplet energy of, e.g., about 2.4 to about3.2 eV, and an electron affinity of, e.g., about 2.2 to about 2.6 eV.

The triplet energy of the hole transport material used herein may be,e.g., from about 2.4 to about 2.8 eV. Maintaining the triplet energy ofthe hole transport material at about 2.4 eV or greater may help ensurethat the light-emitting exciton of the organic light-emitting device arenot quenched, thereby maintaining efficiency. Maintaining the tripletenergy of the hole transport material at about 3.2 eV or less may helpprevent an energy gap (Eg) from becoming too high, thereby helping tomaintain a good lifespan.

When the ionization potential of the hole transport material used hereinis less than 5.8 eV considering the adjacent layers, holes may be easilyprovided from an electrode or a hole injection layer. If the Eg of thehole transport material were to be too high, a lifespan of the organiclight-emitting device could be shortened. In an implementation, theelectron affinity may be from about 2.2 to about 2.6 eV, e.g., fromabout 2.3 to about 2.5 eV, considering the proper ionization potentialrange of the hole transport material. Maintaining the electron affinityat about 2.6 eV or less may help ensure that electrons are effectivelyblocked, thereby helping to prevent undesirable quenching of excitons.Maintaining the electron affinity at about 2.2 eV or greater may helpensure that the band gap of the material does not have too wide a bandgap at a proper ionization potential level, thereby helping to ensure agood lifespan.

In an implementation, adjacent substituents from among R₁ to R₃ may bindto each other to form a ring.

In some embodiments, R₁ to R₆ and Y may be each independently ahydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, R₁ to R₆ and Y may be each independently selectedfrom:

a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group;

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolylgroup, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and

Si (Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅) (here, Q₃ to Q₅ may be each independently selected froma C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and anaphthyl group).

In some embodiments, Y may be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group(thiophenylene), a furanylenegroup, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylenegroup, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, a isoxazolylenegroup, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylenegroup, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylenegroup, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group,an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, animidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a prylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, a isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, animidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group,

In an implementation, two or more adjacent ones of these substituentsmay be linked to each other.

According to another embodiment, Y may be a group represented one of thefollowing formulae. For example, n may be 1, and Y may be a monovalentgroup represented by one of the following formulae.

Z₁ and Z₂ in the formulae above may be each independently selected froma hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆ to C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁ toC₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

Y₁ to Y₃ may be each independently N or CH; p may be an integer selectedfrom 1 to 7; when p is 2 or more, a plurality of Z₁ may be different oridentical; and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some embodiments, R₁ may be a group represented by one of thefollowing formulae.

Z₁, Z₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ in the formulae above may be each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆ to C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁ toC₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

Y_(I) to Y₃ may be each independently N or CH; p may be an integerselected from 1 to 7; when p is 2 or more, a plurality of Z₁ may bedifferent or identical; and * indicates a binding site to a neighboringatom.

In some embodiments, R₂ and R₃ may be each independently a hydrogen or adeuterium.

In some embodiments, n may be 1.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 may be acompound represented by any one of Formulae 2 to 4, below.

In Formulae 2 to 4, X, Y, R₁ to R₃, a, b, c, and n may be defined thesame as in Formula 1.

According to another embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 1may be a phosphorescent host, and may be any one of the compoundsillustrated below.

In some embodiments, the ionization potential of the hole transportmaterial may be from about 5.3 to about 5.8 eV.

In some embodiments, the hole transport material may include a compoundrepresented by Formula 5, below.

In Formula 5,

X may be a single bond or NR₁₄,

R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

L may be selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene, a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group.

In an implementation, the substituent L may be formed by linking two ormore of these substituents. For example, L may be at least one of asingle bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene, asubstituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group.

m, n and o may be each independently an integer selected from 1, 2, 3,and 4.

When m, n, or o are each 2, 3, or 4, R₁₁, R₁₂, or R₁₃ may be identicalor different.

p may be an integer of 0 or 1 (e.g., when p=0, no connection is formedbetween benzene rings at X or where X would be in Formula 5).

At least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, andsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group isselected from:

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); and

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In an implementation, when p=0, the compound represented by Formula 5may be represented by Formula 6, below.

In some embodiments, R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independently a grouprepresented by one of Formulae 6-1 to 6-22, below.

* in Formulae 6-1 to 6-22, above, indicates a binding site to aneighboring atom.

In some embodiments, L may be a group represented by one of Formulae 4-1to 4.23, below.

* and *′ in Formulae 4-1 to 4-23, above, each indicates a binding siteto a neighboring atom.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 5 may be anyone of compounds illustrated below.

In some embodiments, the emission layer may include an Ir or Pt metalcomplex. Ir or Pt metal complexes will be described in detail below.

The compounds represented by Formulae 1 to 6 may be synthesized by usinga suitable organic synthetic method.

The expression that “(an organic layer) includes at least one condensedcyclic compounds” used herein may include a case in which “(an organiclayer) includes identical compounds represented by Formula 1 and a casein which two or more different condensed cyclic compounds represented byFormula 1.

The term “organic layer” used herein refers to a single layer and/or aplurality of layers disposed between the first electrode and the secondelectrode of an organic light-emitting device. A material included inthe “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device10 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10 mayinclude a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a secondelectrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device accordingto an embodiment and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment will be described in connection withFIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the firstelectrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be aglass substrate or transparent plastic substrate, each with excellentmechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surfacesmoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrodemay be selected from materials with a high work function to make holesbe easily injected. The first electrode 110 may be a reflectiveelectrode or a transmissive electrode. The material for the firstelectrode may be a transparent and highly conductive material, andexamples of such a material are indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zincoxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). When the firstelectrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflectiveelectrode, as a material for forming the first electrode, at least oneof magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium(Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or amulti-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO,but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

An organic layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode and the emission layer, and/or an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode.

The hole transport region may include a hole transport layer (HTL), andat least one selected from a hole injection layer (HIL) and a bufferlayer. The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer(HBL), and at least one selected from an electron transport layer (ETL)and an electron injection layer (EIL), but they are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed ofa single material, a single-layered structure formed of a plurality ofdifferent materials, or a multi-layered structure having a plurality oflayers formed of a plurality of different materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structureof hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a structure of holeinjection layer/hole transport layer/buffer layer, a structure of holeinjection layer/buffer layer, a structure of hole transport layer/bufferlayer, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transportlayer/electron blocking layer, wherein layers of each structure aresequentially stacked from the first electrode 110 in this stated order,but are not limited thereto.

When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the holeinjection layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 by usingvarious methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, aLangmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging.

When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, e.g., thevacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature of a depositiontemperature of about 100 to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and at a deposition rate of about 0.01 to about100 Å/sec in consideration of a compound for a hole injection layer tobe deposited, and the structure of a hole injection layer to be formed.

When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coatingmay be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000rpm, and at a temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C. in consideration ofa compound for a hole injection layer to be deposited, and the structureof a hole injection layer to be formed.

When the hole transport region includes a hole transport layer, the holetransport layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or the holeinjection layer by using various methods, such as vacuum deposition,spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole transport layer is formedby vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditionsfor the hole transport layer may be the same as the deposition andcoating conditions for the hole injection layer.

According to an embodiment, the hole transport layer may include a holetransport material having a triplet energy of about 2.4 to about 3.2 eV,and an electron affinity of about 2.2 to about 2.6 eV. The tripletenergy (E_(T) ^(HTL)) of the hole transport material may be greater thanthe triplet energy (E_(T) ^(d)) of a dopant of an emission layer and/orthe triplet energy (E_(T) ^(host)) of a host of the emission layer.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100Å to about 10,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the holetransport region includes a hole injection layer and a hole transportlayer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range ofabout 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, andthe thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50Å to about 2,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When thethicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, andthe hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory holetransporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material to help improve conductiveproperties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously ornon-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, e.g., a p-dopant. The p-dopantmay be one of, e.g., a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, or a cyanogroup-containing compound. Examples of the p-dopant may include aquinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); ametal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide, andCompound HT-D1 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer, inaddition to an electron blocking layer, a hole injection layer, and ahole transport layer. The buffer layer may help compensate for anoptical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emittedfrom the emission layer, and luminescent efficiency of a formed organiclight-emitting device may be improved. For use as a material included inthe buffer layer, materials that are included in the hole transportregion may be used. The electron blocking layer prevents injection ofelectrons from the electron transport region.

The emission layer is formed on the first electrode 110 or the holetransport region by using various methods, such as vacuum deposition,spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When the emission layer is formed byvacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions forthe emission layer may be determined by referring to the deposition andcoating conditions for the hole injection layer.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub pixel. In some embodiments, the emission layer mayhave a stacked structure of a red emission layer, a green emissionlayer, and a blue emission layer, or may include a red-light emissionmaterial, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emissionmaterial, which are mixed with each other in a single layer, to emitwhite light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant.

According to an embodiment, the host and the dopant may be materialsthat satisfy the condition in which the triplet energy (E_(T) ^(HTL)) ofthe hole transport material is greater than the triplet energy (E_(T)^(d)) of the dopant in the emission layer and the triplet energy (E_(T)^(host)) of the host of the emission layer.

The host may further include, in addition to compounds satisfying theabove-described relationship, other suitable materials, e.g., at leastone selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also referred to as “DNA”), CBP,CDBP, and TCP:

According to another embodiment, the host may include a compoundrepresented by Formula 301 below.

Ar₃₀₁-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb2)  <Formula 301>

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorenene, a spiro-fluorenene, abenzofluorenene, a dibenzofluorenene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene;

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorenene group, aspiro-fluorenene group, a benzofluorenene group, a dibenzofluorenenegroup, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, a anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy, a C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (whereinQ₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group);

L₃₀₁ may be understood by referring to the description provided inconnection with L;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazol group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xb1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xb2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In Formula 301,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substitutedwith at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group,each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, but is notlimited thereto.

For example, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301Abelow.

Substituents of Formula 301A may be understood by correspondingdescriptions provided herein.

The compound represented by Formula 301 may include at least one ofCompounds H1 to H42, but is not limited thereto.

The dopant may include, e.g., further include, other suitable materials,in addition to the compounds satisfying the above-describedrelationship. In an implementation, the dopant may further include atleast one selected from a suitable fluorescent dopant and aphosphorescent dopant.

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401 below.

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os),titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium(Tb), and thulium (TM);

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may be each independently nitrogen or carbon;

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ rings may be each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstitutednaphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenene, a substituted orunsubstituted spiro-fluorenene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, asubstituted or unsubstituted pyrrol, a substituted or unsubstitutedthiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted orunsubstituted imidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstitutedisothiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted orunsubstituted isoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, asubstituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstitutedpyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted orunsubstituted quinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, asubstituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted orunsubstituted quinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, asubstituted or unsubstituted carbazol, a substituted or unsubstitutedbenzoimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substitutedor unsubstituted benzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstitutedisobenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzooxazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted isobenzooxazole, a substituted orunsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituteddibenzofuran, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene; and

a substituent of at least one selected from the substituted benzene,substituted naphthalene, substituted fluorenene, substitutedspiro-fluorenene, substituted indene, substituted pyrrol, substitutedthiophene, substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substitutedpyrazole, substituted thiazole, substituted isothiazole, substitutedoxazole, substituted isoxazole, substituted pyridine, substitutedpyrazine, substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substitutedquinoline, substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline,substituted quinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazol,substituted benzoimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substitutedbenzothiophene, substituted isobenzothiophene, substituted benzooxazole,substituted isobenzooxazole, substituted triazole, substitutedoxadiazole, substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, andsubstituted dibenzothiophene may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅), or —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂),—Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅), and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇); and

L₄₀₁ is an organic ligand;

xc1 is 1, 2, or 3; and

xc2 is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

L₄₀₁ may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. Forexample, L₄₀₁ may be selected from a halogen ligand (for example, Cl orF), a diketone ligand (for example, acetylacetonate,1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandionate,or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (for example,picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, or benzoate), a carbonmonooxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and aphosphorous ligand (for example, phosphine, and phosphaite), but is notlimited thereto.

When A₄₀₁ in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the substituentsof A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When A₄₀₂ in Formula 402 has two or more substituents, the substituentsof A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, a plurality of ligands

in Formula 401 may be identical or different. When xc1 in Formula 401 istwo or more, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may be respectively directly connected toA₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of other neighboring ligands with or without a linker (forexample, a C₁-C₅ alkylene, or —N(R′)— (wherein R′ may be a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group) or —C(═O)—) therebetween.

In an implementation, the phosphorescent dopant may include at least oneof Compounds PD1 to PD74 below.

According to another embodiment, the phosphorescent dopant may includePtOEP:

The fluorescent dopant may include at least one selected from DPAVBi,BDAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C545T.

According to another embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include acompound represented by Formula 501 below.

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from:

naphthalene, heptalene, fluorenene, spiro-fluorenene, benzofluorenene,dibenzofluorenene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene,triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, picene, perylene,pentaphene, and indenoanthracene;

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorenene group, aspiro-fluorenene group, a benzofluorenene group, a dibenzofluorenenegroup, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, a anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃) (whereinQ₅₀₁ to Q₅₀₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group);

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may be understood by referring to the description providedherein in connection with L;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ are each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl, group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

xd1 to xd3 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xb4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In an implementation, the fluorescent host may include at least one ofCompounds

In an implementation, an amount of the dopant in the emission layer maybe, e.g., in a range of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight, based on100 parts by weight of the host.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1000 Å, e.g., about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness ofthe emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emissioncharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

Then, an electron transport region may be disposed on the emissionlayer.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from ahole blocking layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electroninjection layer, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure ofelectron transport layer/electron injection layer or a structure of holeblocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer,wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked from theemission layer in the stated order, but is not limited thereto.

The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer. Thehole blocking layer may be formed, when the emission layer includes aphosphorescent dopant, to help prevent diffusion of excitons or holesinto an electron transport layer.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, thehole blocking layer may be formed on the emission layer by using variousmethods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a LB method,ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. Whenthe hole blocking layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating,deposition and coating conditions for the hole blocking layer may bedetermined by referring to the deposition and coating conditions for thehole injection layer.

The hole blocking layer may include, e.g., at least one of BCP andBphen.

A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Åto about 1,000 Å, e.g., about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness ofthe hole blocking layer is within these ranges, the hole blocking layermay have improved hole blocking ability without a substantial increasein driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include an electron transport layer.The electron transport layer may be formed on the emission layer or thehole blocking layer by using various methods, such as vacuum deposition,spin coating casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When an electron transport layer isformed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coatingconditions for the electron transport layer may be the same as thedeposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

According to an embodiment, the organic layer 150 of the organiclight-emitting device may include an electron transport region betweenthe emission layer and the second electrode 190, and the electrontransport region may include an electron transport layer. The electrontransport layer may include a plurality of layers. For example, theelectron transport layer may include a first electron transport layerand a second electron transport layer.

The electron transport layer may further include at least one selectedfrom BCP,

According to another embodiment, the electron transport layer mayinclude at least one compound selected from a compound represented byFormula 601 and a compound represented by Formula 602 illustrated below.

Ar₆₀₁-[(L₆₀₁)_(xc1)-E₆₀₁]_(xe2)  <Formula 601>

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorenene, a spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene;

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorenene group, aspiro-fluorenene group, a benzofluorenene group, a dibenzofluorenenegroup, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, a anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (whereinQ₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group);

L₆₀₁ may be understood by referring to the description provided inconnection with L;

L₆₀₁ may be selected from:

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted from at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid ora salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group.

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In Formula 602,

X₆₁₁ may be N or C-(L₆₁₁)_(xe611)-R₁₁, X₆₁₂ may be N orC-(L₆₁₂)_(xe612)-R₆₁₂, may be N or C-(L₆₁₃)_(xe613)-R₆₁₃ and, at leastone of X₆₁₁ to X₆₁₃ may be N;

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₆ may be understood by referring to the description providedherein in connection with L;

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₆ may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xe611 to xe616 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound represented by Formula 601 and the compound represented byFormula 602 may each be selected from Compounds ET1 to ET15 illustratedbelow.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about100 Å to about 1,000 Å, e.g., about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When thethickness of the electron transport layer is within the range describedabove, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electrontransport characteristics without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

In an implementation, the electron transport layer may further include,in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containingmaterial.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complexmay include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) orET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat allows electrons to be easily provided from the second electrode190.

The electron injection layer may be formed on the electron transportlayer by using various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coatingcasting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-inducedthermal imaging. When an electron injection layer is formed by vacuumdeposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for theelectron injection layer may be the same as those for the hole injectionlayer.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from,LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1Å to about 100 Å, e.g., about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness ofthe electron injection layer is within the range described above, theelectron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injectioncharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150 havingsuch a structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode that is anelectron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for formingthe second electrode 190 may be a material having a low work function,and such a material may be metal, alloy, an electrically conductivecompound, or a mixture thereof. Examples of materials for the secondelectrode 190 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), ormagnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). According to another embodiment, the materialfor forming the second electrode 190 may be ITO or IZO. The secondelectrode 190 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissiveelectrode, or a transmissive electrode.

In some embodiments, an organic layer according to an embodiment may beformed by depositing the compound according to an embodiment, or may beformed by using a wet method in which the compound according to anembodiment is prepared in the form of solution and then the solution ofthe compound is used for coating.

An organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment may be usedin various flat panel display apparatuses, such as a passive matrixorganic light-emitting display apparatus or an active matrix organiclight-emitting display apparatus. For example, when the organiclight-emitting device is included in an active matrix organiclight-emitting display apparatus, a first electrode disposed on asubstrate may act as a pixel and may be electrically connected to asource electrode or a drain electrode of a thin film transistor. In animplementation, the organic light-emitting device may be included in aflat panel display apparatus that emits light in opposite directions.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described withreference to FIG. 1.

Hereinafter, definitions of substituents used herein will be presented(the number of carbon numbers used to restrict a substituent is notlimited, and does not limit properties of the substituent, and unlessdefined otherwise, the definition of the substituent is consistent witha general definition thereof).

A C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group used herein refers to a linear or branchedaliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, anddetailed examples thereof are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propylgroup, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a ter-butyl group, a pentylgroup, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀ alkylene groupused herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₂-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group used herein refers to a monovalent grouprepresented by -OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), anddetailed examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formedby substituting at least one carbon double bond in the middle orterminal of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and detailed examples thereof are anethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkylenegroup used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structureas the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formedby substituting at least one carbon trip bond in the middle or terminalof the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and detailed examples thereof are an ethynylgroup, and a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkylene group used herein refersto a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbonmonocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and detailed examplesthereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentylgroup, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having thesame structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

A C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group having at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P,and S as a ring-forming atom and 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and detailedexamples thereof are a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and atetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one doublebond in the ring thereof and does not have aromacity, and detailedexamples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and acycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group used herein refersto a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup.

A C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O,P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least onedouble bond in its ring. Detailed examples of the C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailedexamples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene groupeach include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group used herein refers to a monovalent grouphaving a carboncyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atomselected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 2 to 60 carbonatoms. A C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 2 to 60carbon atoms. Examples of the C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group are a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. Whenthe C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group eachinclude two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group used herein indicates -OA₁₀₂ (wherein A₁₀₂ is theC₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group used herein indicates-SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refersto a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) thathas two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as aring forming atom, and non-aromacity in the entire molecular structure.A detailed example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup is a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structureas the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used hereinrefers to a momovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms)that has two or more rings condensed to each other, has a heteroatomselected from N, O P, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring formingatom, and has non-aromacity in the entire molecular structure. Anexample of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic groupis a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent group having thesame structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup.

At least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted a substituent of the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylenegroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylenegroup, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituteddivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituteddivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selectedfrom, heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group,the substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein maybe selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); and

wherein Q₁ to Q₇, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be eachindependently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted asubstituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, thesubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is selected from, heterocycloalkenylene group,the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group used herein may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a cyclopentylgroup, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); and

Q₁ to Q₇, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be eachindependently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group.

The term “Ph” used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me” usedherein refers to a methyl group, the term “Et” used herein refers to anethyl group, and the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu” used herein refers to atert-butyl group.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to an embodimentwill be described in detail with reference to Examples.

The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order tohighlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will beunderstood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the embodiments, nor are theComparative Examples to be construed as being outside the scope of theembodiments. Further, it will be understood that the embodiments are notlimited to the particular details described in the Examples andComparative Examples.

Example 1

An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm x 0.5 mm andthen, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15minutes, and then, washed by exposure to UV ozone for 30 minutes.

TCTA was vacuum deposited on the layer to form a hole transport layerhaving a thickness of 600 Å.

Then, as a host, H1 and 5% Ir(pq)2acac were vacuum deposited to athickness of 300 Å on the hole transport layer to form an emissionlayer.

Next, Alq3 was vacuum deposited to a thickness of 300 Å on the emissionlayer to form an electron transport layer. 10 Å of LiF (an electroninjection layer) and 2,000 Å of Al (a cathode) were vacuum deposited insequence to manufacture an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/HT1 (600Å)/H1+5% Ir(pq)2acac (300 Å)/Alq3 (300 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/Al (2000 Å) wasmanufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that, as a holetransport layer, HT1 was used and deposited instead of TCTA.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/HT1 (600Å)/H7+5% Ir(pq)2acac (300 Å)/Alq3 (300 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/Al (2000 Å) wasmanufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in Example2, as a phosphorescent host, H7 was used and deposited instead of H1.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/HT1 (600Å)/H24+5% Ir(pq)2acac (300 Å)/Alq3 (300 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/Al (2000 Å) wasmanufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except than in Example2, as a phosphorescent host, H24 was used and deposited instead of H1.

Comparative Example 1 (when a material having a Ti that is less than aTI of an emission layer material, and less than 2.4 eV was used for HTL)

An organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/a-NPD (600Å)/H1+5% Ir(pq)2acac (300 Å)/Alq3 (300 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/Al (2000 Å) wasmanufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using thematerials described above.

Comparative Example 2 (when a material having a Ti level that was morethan 2.4 eV, and an EA that was less than 2.2 eV was used for an HTL)

An organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/TAPC (600Å)/H1+5% Ir(pq)2acac (300 Å)/Alq3 (300 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/AI (2000 Å) wasmanufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using thematerials described above.

Comparative Example 3 (when a HTL material met the energy relationshipin Claim 1, but a phosphorescent host did not belong to the Formula 1)

An organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/HT1 (600Å)/CBP+5% Ir(pq)2acac (300 Å)/Alq3 (300 Å)/LiF (10 Å)/Al (2000 Å) wasmanufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using thematerials described above.

[Comparison Between the Examples and Comparative Examples]

TI and EA of the compounds used herein are shown in Table 1, below.

TABLE 1 Material name T1 level EA Example TCTA 2.8 2.4 HT1 2.7 2.5Comparative TPD 2.3 2.5 Example TAPC 2.9 1.8 Emission CBP 2.6 — layerH1, H7, or H24 2.3-2.5 — Ir(pq)2acac 2.2 —

Device characteristics in the Examples were compared with those in theComparative Examples, and the results thereof are shown in Table 2,below. Here, Comparative Example 1 was deemed to be 100% for thecomparison test.

TABLE 2 Efficiency Driving voltage T₉₀ HTL Host (cd/A) (V) (hr)Comparative TPD H1 100% 100%  100% Example 1 Comparative TAPC H1 128%107%   63% Example 2 Comparative HT1 CBP 115% 94%  88% Example 3 Example1 TCTA H1 137% 89% 161% Example 2 HT1 H1 125% 90% 147% Example 3 HT1 H7145% 83% 203% Example 4 HT1 H24 130% 92% 152%

Referring to Table 1 and Table 2, when a hole transport material and anemission layer host met the above conditions, it may be that an organiclight-emitting device exhibited better light-emitting characteristicscompared to those of other devices.

By way of summation and review, in an organic light-emitting device, astructure formed by sequentially stacking an anode, a hole transportlayer, an organic emission layer, an electron transport layer, anelectron injection layer, and a cathode may help prevent quenching oflight generated by triplet excitons.

Arylamine-based hole transport materials may be used as a material for ahole transport layer. However, due to a low TI level and energy levelmis-matching in a device, excitons in a phosphorescent emission layermay be quenched. Accordingly, manufacturing a high-efficiency device maybe difficult.

In the case of TAPC and the like used as a hole transport material,TAPC, e.g., may have a triplet energy of more than 2.87 eV to helpsuppress the quenching phenomenon but may have a shortened lifespan dueto an electron affinity that is below a certain level. For example, anenergy band gap may be, and the electron affinity may go below thecertain level.

The embodiments may provide an organic light-emitting device that has ahigh luminescent efficiency and a long lifespan, in which the organiclight-emitting device generates light by phosphorescent emission. Thehole transport material may have a triplet energy of more than 2.4 eVand may help suppress a quenching phenomenon, e.g., to help preventquenching of light generated by the phosphorescent light-emittingdevice.

The embodiments may provide an organic light-emitting device havingsuppressed quenching phenomenon, and stabilized efficiency and lifespan.

As described above, according to the one or more of the aboveembodiments, organic light-emitting devices may have improved lifespancharacteristics and high efficiency.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specificterms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In someinstances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art asof the filing of the present application, features, characteristics,and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment maybe used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwisespecifically indicated.

Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art thatvarious changes in form and details may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising afirst electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and anorganic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, theorganic layer including: an emission layer, a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transportregion including at least one selected from a hole transport layer, ahole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and an electron transportregion between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electrontransport region including at least one selected from a hole blockinglayer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer,wherein: a triplet energy of a hole transport material of the holetransport layer is from about 2.4 to about 3.2 eV, an electron affinityof the hole transport material is from about 2.2 to about 2.6 eV; thetriplet energy of the hole transport material is greater than a tripletenergy of a dopant of the emission layer and a triplet energy of a hostmaterial of the emission layer, the host material of the emission layerincludes the compound represented by Formula 1, below:

wherein, in Formula 1, Naph is a naphthalene group; X is NR₄, CR₅R₆, O,or S; R₁ to R₆ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;Y is selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; n is an integer of 1 or2; a, b, and c are each independently an integer selected from 1, 2, 3,and 4; and at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group,substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from: adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least oneselected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and—B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇);wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ are each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
 2. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein adjacent one of anyof R₁ to R₃ bond to each other to form a ring.
 3. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆ and Y areeach independently a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
 4. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆ and Y areeach independently selected from: a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidand a salt thereof, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group; a phenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group; and Si (Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), wherein Q₃ to Q₅ are eachindependently selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 5. The organic light-emittingdevice of claim 1, wherein Y is selected from: a phenylene group, apentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, anazulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, anacenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group,a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, afluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, achrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, aperylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, apentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, anovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylenegroup(thiophenylene), a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, a isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, anisoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, apurinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, abenzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylenegroup, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, anacridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, abenzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, animidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group; and aphenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, a isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, animidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, wherein twoor more adjacent ones of the substituents described above are separateor are linked to each other.
 6. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein Y is group represented by one of theformulae below:

Z_(I) and Z₂ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁ to C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆to C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₂₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; Y₁ to Y₃ are eachindependently N or CH; p is an integer of 1 to 7, and when p is 2 ormore, a plurality of Z₁ are identical or different; and * indicates abinding site to a neighboring atom.
 7. The organic light-emitting deviceas claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁ is a group represented by one of theformulae below:

wherein, in the formulae above, Z₁, Z₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are eachindependently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₂₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆ to C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁ to C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;Y₁ to Y₃ are each independently N or CH; p is an integer of 1 to 7, andwhen p is 2 or more, a plurality of Z₁ are identical or different; and *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 8. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₂ and R₃ are eachindependently a hydrogen or a deuterium.
 9. The organic light-emittingdevice as claimed in claim 1, wherein n is
 1. 10. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compoundrepresented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 2, below, in which Y,X, R₁ to R₃, a to c, and n are defined the same as in Formula 1,


11. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thecompound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 3, below, inwhich Y, X, R₁ to R₃, a to c, and n are defined the same as in Formula1,


12. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thecompound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 4, below, inwhich Y, X, R₁ to R₃, a to c, and n are defined the same as in Formula1,


13. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thecompound represented by Formula 1: is a phosphorescent host, and is anyone of compounds represented by the formulae below:


14. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein anionization potential of the hole transport material is about 5.3 eV toabout 5.8 eV.
 15. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim1, wherein the hole transport material includes a compound representedby Formula 5, below,

wherein, in Formula 5, X is a single bond or NR₁₄, R₁₁ to R₁₄ are eachindependently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; L includes at least oneselected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene, a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, m, n, and o are each independently an integerselected from 1, 2, 3, and 4, and when m, n, or o are 2, 3, or 4, R₁₁,R₁₂, or R₁₃ are identical or different; p is an integer of 0 or 1, andwhen p=0, no connection is formed between benzene rings at X; and atleast one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, andsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group isselected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and—B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇,and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group.
 16. The organic light-emitting device as claimedin claim 15, wherein R₁₁ to R₁₄ are each independently groupsrepresented by one of Formulae 6-1 to 6-22, below:

wherein, in Formulae 6-1 to 6-22, * indicates a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 17. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 15, wherein L is a single bond or a group represented by one ofFormulae 4-1 to 4-23, below:

wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-23, * and *′ each indicate a binding siteto a neighboring atom.
 18. The organic light-emitting device as claimedin claim 15, wherein the compound represented by Formula 5 is one of thefollowing compounds:


19. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein theemission layer includes an Ir metal complex or a Pt metal complex.
 20. Aflat display apparatus, comprising: a thin film transistor, the thinfilm transistor including a source electrode and a drain electrode; andthe organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thefirst electrode of the organic light-emitting device is electricallyconnected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thinfilm transistor.